What is pancreatitis?
The pancreas is a vital organ which lies on the right side of the abdomen.
It has two functions:
1) To produce digestive enzymes to assist in food digestion.
2) To produce hormones such as insulin.
When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the disorder is called pancreatitis. It
is a disease process that is seen commonly in the dog. There is no age, sex,
or breed predisposition.
There are two main forms of acute or sudden onset pancreatitis: 1) the mild,
edematous form and 2) the more severe, hemorrhagic form. A few dogs that
recover from an acute episode of pancreatitis may continue to have recurrent
bouts of the disease, which is then called chronic, relapsing
pancreatitis. The associated inflammation allows digestive enzymes to spill
into the abdominal cavity resulting in secondary damage to the liver, bile
ducts, gall bladder, and intestines.
What causes pancreatitis?
The cause of pancreatitis is not known; however, there may be several
contributory factors. It is often associated with eating a rich, fatty meal.
In some cases, it may be associated with the administration of
corticosteroids; however, some dogs with pancreatitis do not have exposure
to either.
Under normal conditions, digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are
activated when they reach the small intestine. In pancreatitis, these
enzymes are activated prematurely in the pancreas instead of in the small
intestine. This results in digestion of the pancreas itself. The clinical
signs of pancreatitis are often variable, and the intensity of the disease
will depend on the quantity of enzymes that are prematurely activated.
What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis?
The diagnosis of pancreatitis is normally based on three criteria: clinical
signs, laboratory tests, and the results of radiographs (x-rays) and/or
ultrasound examination. The disease is typically manifested by nausea,
vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. If the attack is severe,
acute shock, depression, and death may occur.
If your pet exhibits any of these symptoms, it is important to get him or
her in. The sooner treatment is started, the better the chances are for a
speedy and healthy recovery. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to
call!